Thresholds

Temperature thresholds were calculated from the historical Coastal Monitoring Program data. Preliminary quality control was applied to this data, and obvious outliers and data from freshwater stations were omitted.

Separate thresholds were calculated for each county due to expected and observed spatial differences in temperature (Figure 1; Figure 2).

In the future, it may be useful to resolve temperature thresholds by depth as well as county (or smaller spatial scales). However, the data becomes very patchy when grouped by depth, which could result in less useful thresholds values. Additionally, the same depth can represent a different part of the water column for different stations. For example, at the Barren Island station in Guysborough County, the 15 m sensor is near the bottom. In contrast, 15 m is in the top 20 % of the water column at Tickle Island, another station in Guysborough County.

Gross Range Test

Sensor Thresholds

The sensor thresholds were determined based on the associated manual (Table 1).

Table 1: Temperature sensor thresholds for the Gross Range Test.

User Thresholds

The mean and standard deviation were used to determine usermin and usermax. This provided useful thresholds, although different statistics may be more representative based on the distribution of the observations for some counties (Figure 1). The statistics and threshold values are shown in Table 2.

The usermin threshold is typically << 0 °C (Table 2), and is therefore not expected to flag any observations. For most counties (all except Annapolis, Queens, Shelburne, and Digby), the usermin is less than the sensormin for the aquameasure and vr2ar sensors. In this case, any observations less than the sensormin would fail the Gross Range Test (i.e., the usermin would be ignored).

It may be useful for other users to apply their own usermin threshold to highlight cold observations that are Suspect/Of Interest. For example, those interested in salmonid aquaculture may wish to flag observations at or near the superchill threshold (-0.7 °C).

0.000.050.100.150.200.000.010.020.00.30.60.90.00.51.01.52.02.501230.00.10.2012020400.00.20.40.60.000.050.100.150.200.000.030.060.0902460.00.10.20.30.40.50.0000.0250.0500.0750.1000.1250.00.10.20.30.40.5020400.000.050.100.150.20
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsAnnapolisAntigonishCape BretonColchesterDigbyGuysboroughHalifaxInvernessLunenburgPictouQueensRichmondShelburneVictoriaYarmouth

Figure 1: Distribution of temperature observations (binwidth = 1 °C). Dotted orange lines indicate the user thresholds.

Table 2: Gross Range Test statistics and user thresholds for temperature.

Climatological Test

Figure 2 shows the monthly mean and standard deviation of temperature data for each county. Observations from all depths were pooled together. This resulted in high standard deviations for some counties, particularly in the summer months when temperature stratification is the strongest (Figure 2, Table 3).

The observations are normally distributed within each month (Figure 3), and so the mean and standard deviation were used to calculate the seasonal thresholds (Table 3).

0102030010203001020300102030010203001020300102030JanMarMayJulSepNov0102030JanMarMayJulSepNov
Temperature (degree C)AnnapolisAntigonishCape BretonColchesterDigbyGuysboroughHalifaxInvernessLunenburgPictouQueensRichmondShelburneVictoriaYarmouth

Figure 2: Mean +/- 3 standard deviations of the monthly depth observations.

Figure 3

Seasonal distribution of depth observations (binwidth = 2 °C). Dotted orange lines indicate the user thresholds.

01234012340123405101520012340510152005101520
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0123012301230102030012301020300102030
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0246024602460102002460102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0.02.55.07.50.02.55.07.50.02.55.07.5010200.02.55.07.50102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123405101520012340510152005101520
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123401020300123401020300102030
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0123012301230102001230102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0.02.55.07.510.00.02.55.07.510.00.02.55.07.510.001020300.02.55.07.510.001020300102030
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0246024602460102002460102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123401020300123401020300102030
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123405101520012340510152005101520
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123401020012340102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
012345012345012345051015200123450510152005101520
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
01234012340123401020012340102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
0123012301230102001230102001020
Temperature (degree C)Percent of ObservationsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Spike Test

For all counties, the distribution of the spike value is skewed right, and so several upper quartile values (90th, 95th, and 99.7th quartile) were evaluated to use as the spikelow. There were relatively few large single-value spikes in the temeprature data, and so the 99.7th quartile was selected to avoid false positives. spikehigh was defined as 3 * spikelow to identify especially egregious spike values.

Figure 4 shows the distribution of the spike value of temperature observations (binwidth = 0.1 °C). There is a separate tab for each county. Dotted orange line indicates spikelow; dotted red line indicates spikehigh. Note difference in y-axis scale.

Figure 4

012020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
01234020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
012340204060
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
01230255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
024020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
02460255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
012340255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
02460255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0.02.55.07.5020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0123020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0123020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0123450255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
012340255075
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0123450204060
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations
0246020406080
Temperature (degree C)Spike ValuePercent of Observations

Table 4: Spike thresholds for temperature.

Rolling Standard Deviation Test

For all counties, the distribution of the rolling standard deviation is skewed right, and so several upper quartile values (90th, 95th, and 99.7th quartile) were evaluated to use as the rolling_sd_max.

The 90th, 95th, and 99.7th quartile values were each applied to the the raw data (no preliminary QC) and the results inspected. There were minimal suspect changes in rolling standard deviation for temperature, and so the 99.7th quartile was selected to avoid false positives.

0.00.51.01.50102030
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
01234010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
0123010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
01201020304050
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
0.00.51.01.52.02.501020304050
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
02468010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
024010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
012345010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
024010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
01230510152025
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
0123010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
024601020304050
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
012340102030
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
0123010203040
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations
0.00.51.01.501020304050
Temperature (degree C)Rolling Standard DeviationPercent of Observations

Table 5: Rolling standard deviation threshold for temperature.